![]() ![]() The majority of patients who receive ASD evaluations will be young children, so their parents need to be aware of symptoms associated with ASD. Who Should be Evaluated for Autism Spectrum Disorder?īecause every patient with ASD experiences different levels and variations of symptoms, it can be difficult to determine whether or not to seek testing, especially since many people are very young when they experience the most obvious effects. ASD now encompasses a wide range of symptomatology. Recent changes in diagnostic criteria used by psychologists (DSM-5) have eliminated differentiation of ASD from Asperger syndrome, Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and Rett’s disorder. That’s why the disorder is considered a spectrum. Every person diagnosed with ASD will have a completely unique experience. ![]() The degree to which people express these behaviors varies, and they can change as the person ages and matures. Problems with concentrating or paying close attention to non-preferred tasks. ![]() Difficulties with motor skills and coordination.Communicating clearly both verbally and nonverballyĪdditionally, people with ASD often experience:.People who are diagnosed with ASD often struggle with the following: A range of individuals with varying levels of symptoms and needs can receive an ASD diagnosis. Professionals are becoming increasingly able to diagnose at younger ages, which is positive since therapies at an early age are shown to be most effective. ASD affects early brain development, and most patients begin to show signs of ASD before the age of three. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 42, 2354–2363.Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the name given to describe a complex disorder of differences in neurodevelopment. Self-reported autism symptoms in adults with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 31, 5–17.īishop SL, Seltzer MM (2012). The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. British Journal of Psychiatry 194, 500–509.īaron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Skinner R, Martin J, Clubley E (2001). Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions: UK school-based population study. Lancet 368, 210–215.īaron-Cohen S, Scott FJ, Allison C, Williams J, Bolton P, Matthews FE, Brayne C (2009). Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 51, 202–212e7.īaird G, Simonoff E, Pickles A, Chandler S, Loucas T, Meldrum D, Charman T (2006). Toward brief “red flags” for autism screening: the Short Autism Spectrum Quotient and the Short Quantitative Checklist in 1,000 cases and 3,000 controls. UK NICE guidelines, may need to be reconsidered.Īutism autism spectrum disorders neurodevelopmental disorders screening self-report.Īllison C, Auyeung B, Baron-Cohen S (2012). Recommendations supporting the AQ's role in the assessment of adult ASD, e.g. The AQ's utility for screening referrals was limited in this sample. Co-morbidity data revealed that generalized anxiety disorder may 'mimic' ASD and inflate AQ scores, leading to false positives. Thus, 64% of those who scored below the AQ cut-off were 'false negatives' who did in fact have ASD. While AQ scores provided high sensitivity of 0.77 and positive predictive value of 0.76 (95% CI 0.70-0.80), the specificity of 0.29 (95% CI 0.20-0.38) and negative predictive value of 0.36 (95% CI 0.22-0.40) were low. Self-report AQ scores did not significantly predict receipt of a diagnosis. Of the participants, 73% received a clinical diagnosis of ASD. We tested AQ scores as predictors of ASD diagnosis made by expert clinicians according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria, informed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) assessments. We studied 476 adults, seen consecutively at a national ASD diagnostic referral service for suspected ASD. However, the ability of the AQ to predict who will go on to receive a diagnosis of ASD in adults is unclear. It has been proposed that unnecessary referrals to these services could be reduced by prioritizing individuals who score highly on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), a self-report questionnaire measure of autistic traits. Specialist assessment clinics enable the detection of these cases, but such services are often overstretched. Many adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain undiagnosed.
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